“Breaking News: Mermaids
are not real, U.S. government declares”
This was an LA Times headline on July 5, 2012. If we can get past the fact that this is
neither “breaking” nor “news”, what is left is a headline that is
misleading. The article cited for the Times story is actually
a blog entry for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA)which
states "No evidence of aquatic humanoids has ever been found." That is not the same as “they don’t exist.”
NOAA dates back to 1807.
The first scientific agency for
the US, the Survey of the Coast, was the precursor to this group and now the NOAA
maintains a presence in every state and is an international leader on
scientific and environmental matters.
NOAA's Mission:
Science,
Service, and Stewardship.
To
understand and predict changes in climate, weather, oceans, and coasts,
To share
that knowledge and information with others, and
To conserve
and manage coastal and marine ecosystems and resources.
The NOAA is
a division of the Department of Commerce and its Under Secretary is appointed
by the President of the US (with approval from Congress). Serious scientists with government funding
claiming that merpeople did not exist would be something to sit up and take
notice of. They did not, however, say they didn’t exist. They said there was no evidence they existed.
There might
be a different opinion here in Canada. While
no biological evidence has surfaced to support mermaids here, there are several
interesting other pieces to consider.
Mermaids
(called yawkyawks in Australia) first appeared in stories in Assyria, about 1000 BC. Atargatis was a goddess who loved a
mortal shepherd and in the process killed him. Ashamed, she jumped into a lake
to take the form of a fish. , but the
waters would not conceal her divine beauty. Thereafter, she took the form of a
mermaid - human above the waist, fish below. The Greek philosopher Anaximander proposed
that mankind had sprung from an aquatic species of animal. This idea reappeared
as the Aquatic ape hypothesis in the twentieth century. A popular Greek legend has Alexander the
Great's sister, Thessalonike, turn into a mermaid after she died and when
sailors would encounter her, she would ask them only one question: "Is
Alexander the king alive?", to which the correct answer would be "He
lives and still rules". Any other answer enraged her and she
transformed into a Gorgon and doomed for the ships and every sailor onboard. The Arabian Nights (One Thousand and One
Nights) includes several tales featuring "Sea People", anatomically identical to land-bound humans,
differing only in their ability to breathe and live underwater.
Other
Arabian Nights tales deal with lost ancient technologies, advanced ancient
civilizations that went astray, and catastrophes which overwhelmed them, very much
like Atlantis stories. In some of these
stories, following the mermaids' beautiful
voices leads to confusion and often death.
Mermaids
were noted in British folklore as well.
They were thought to fortell (and often provoke) disaster. The ballad of Sir Patrick Spens depicts a
mermaid speaking to doomed ships; in
some versions, she tells them they will never see land again, and in others,
she claims they are near shore. They can
also be a sign of rough weather. Mermen were also noted as wilder and uglier
than mermaids, but they were described as having little interest in humans.
Some
mermaids were described as up to 2000 feet long/tall. They could also swim up rivers to freshwater
lakes. One story is that Laird of Lorntie saw a woman drowning, and went to aid her but a
servant of his pulled him back, warning that it was a mermaid. The mermaid screamed after that she would
have killed him if it were not for his servant. On other occasions, mermaids
could be more beneficent, giving humans means of cure.
In some
ancient Chinese fairytales the mermaid is a special species can knit beautiful
translucent material and whose tears can turn into priceless pearls. Fishermen longed to catch them, but a mermaids'
singing can drag them to coma. Fishermen who want to catch mermaids are a
symbol of negative character.
Examples
from other cultures are the Mami Wata of West and Central Africa, the Jengu of
Cameroon, the Merrow of Ireland and Scotland, the Rusalkas of Russia and
Ukraine, the Iara from Brazil and the Greek Oceanids, Nereids, and Naiads. The mermaid, or syrenka, has been the symbol
of Warsaw in Poland since the middle of the 14th century. Several legends
associate Triton of mythology with the city, which may have been where the
association with mermaids originated. Among
the Neo-Ta’no nations of the Caribbean the mermaid is called Aycayia. A
freshwater mermaid-like creature from Europe is Melusine, who is sometimes
depicted with two fish tails, or the lower body of a serpent. Mermaids and
mermen are also characters of Philippine folklore, locally known as sirena and
siyokoy. The Javanese believe that the
southern beach in Java is a home of Javanese mermaid queen Nyi Roro Kidul.
There are
two Canadian reports from the area of Vancouver and Victoria, one from sometime
between 1870 and 1890, the other from 1967.
A late 19th Century newspaper described how three local men in
the Point Gray, BC area (where the University of BC is now) went out fishing
with an native guide. They reportedly
saw a mermaid with yellow hair and brown skin rise her upper body above the
surface of the water, very close to their boat, and stare at them. The guide was quite upset
by the sighting and told the men that it was a bad omen. In
1967, BC Ferry passengers saw what they claimed to be a mermaid sitting on
rocks at the entrance to Active Pass, Victoria, BC. Reports indicated that the
mermaid had long blonde hair, the lower body of a porpoise and was sitting on
the rocks eating a salmon. Photos taken by a man in an aircraft support the
ferry passengers' description. The Victoria Times-Colonist reported the
sighting and printed the photo. I have
not been able to locate this photo.
Although
many places and businesses use the word “mermaid” in their titles, the only
other Canadian mermaid legend that is well known comes from New Brunswick. A native tribe called Pestomuhkati inhabited
the area of the St Croix River and the Bay of Fundy. The current Pestomukkati/Passamaquoddy live
in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, and maintain active land claims but have no
legal status in Canada as a First Nation. Some Passamaquoddy continue to seek
the return of territory now comprised in St. Andrews, New Brunswick which they
claim as Qonasqamkuk, a Passamaquoddy ancestral capital and burial ground. Their history is primarily oral and the
mermaid legend is as follows:
A long time
ago there was an Indian, with his wife and two daughters. They lived by a great
lake, or the sea, and the mother told her girls never to go into the water
there, for that, if they did, something would happen to them.
They,
however, deceived her repeatedly. When swimming is prohibited it becomes
delightful. The shore of this lake sands away out or slopes to an island. One
day they went to it, leaving their clothes on the beach. The parents missed
them.
The father
went to seek them. He saw them swimming far out, and called to them. The girls
swam up to the sand, but could get no further. Their father asked them why they
could not. They cried that they had grown to be so heavy that it was
impossible. They were all slimy; they grew to be snakes from below the waist.
After sinking a few times in this strange slime they became very handsome, with
long black hair and large, bright black eyes, with silver bands on their neck
and arms.
When their
father went to get their clothes, they began to sing in the most exquisite
tones:-
Leave them
there!
Do not touch
them!
Leave them
there!
Hearing
this, their mother began to weep, but the girls kept on:-
It is all
our own fault,
But do not
blame us;
It will be
none the worse for you.
When you go
in your canoe,
Then you
need not paddle;
We shall
carry it along!
And so it
was: when their parents went in the canoe, the girls carried it safely on everywhere.
One day some
Indians saw the girls' clothes on the beach, and so looked out for the wearers.
They found them in the water, and pursued them, and tried to capture them, but
they were so slimy that it was impossible to take them, till one, catching hold
of a mermaid by her long black hair, cut it off.
Then the
girl began to rock the canoe, and threatened to upset it unless her hair was
given to her again. The fellow who had played the trick at first refused, but
as the mermaids, or snake-maids, promised that they should all be drowned
unless this was done, the locks were restored. And the next day they were heard
singing and were seen, and on her who had lost her hair it was all growing as
long as ever.
On January
9, 1493, Italian explorer Christopher Columbus sailed near the Dominican
Republic and saw three "mermaids"--in reality manatees--and described
them as "not half as beautiful as they are painted." Certainly many mermaid sightings may be
attributed to these sea cows, but as they are primarily warm water animals it
is unlikely that European and Canadian sightings can be explained in this way.
